The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck twice in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to complete a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.